Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS)
Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS)
Ferguson-Florissant School District recognizes that there is not a “one size fits all” approach to meeting the diverse needs of students or to removing the barriers to learning that occur when these needs are not met. The district continues to take an intentional approach to developing and maintaining safe environments where teachers can teach and students can learn. We implement a Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) to meet the academic, behavioral, and social-emotional needs of students.
- What is MTSS?
- What are the Benefits of MTSS?
- MTSS Comprehensive Guide
- MTSS District Leadership Teams
- Pyramid of Intervention
- Social Emotional Learning (SEL)
- Restorative Practices
- Data Driven Decision-Making
- Related Documents and Links
What is MTSS?
What is MTSS?
- MTSS addresses academic and the social, emotional, and behavioral development of children from early childhood to graduation.
- MTSS provides multiple levels of support for all learners (struggling through advanced).
- MTSS aligns resources and support for students receiving instruction AND for teachers and other support staff delivering the instruction.
- MTSS framework is an educational system change paradigm continuously focused on overall school improvement that is sustainable.
- MTSS models strive to ensure that practices, policies, and programs are aligned on a classroom, school, and district level.
- MTSS benefits from continued support for teachers in delivering instruction, utilizing and developing effective curriculum, administering assessments, and using data to guide instruction.
- MTSS requires a greater focus on collaboration between general education and special education within each school and between the school and the district office.
- MTSS also includes a focus on intervention but has a stronger goal of prevention than perhaps RtI does.
- MTSS is more likely to produce professional development aligned across the school and district settings.
- MTSS requires that teachers, administrators, district personnel, and student support specialists change how they have traditionally worked together to include a more collaborative and cohesive culture. Reading Horizons MTSS framework resource
What are the Benefits of MTSS?
What are the Benefits of MTSS?
- MTSS provides specific types of support for teachers (professional development, technical assistance, instructional coaching)
- MTSS outlines clearly define roles, responsibilities, and accountability for teachers, building leaders, and district personnel
- MTSS provides a coherent system for continuous improvement
- MTSS ensures that a common understanding/language exists when discussing implementation and expected outcomes
- MTSS allows district policies to remove barriers to effective implementation
- Most importantly, ALL students should benefit when the model is implemented with fidelity
MTSS Comprehensive Guide

MTSS Comprehensive Guide
The MTSS District Leadership Team collaborated with the Department of Student Support Services and Department of Instructional Services to develop a Multi-tiered Systems of Support Comprehensive Guide (23-24). This document details the tiered academic, behavioral, and socio-emotional supports available to students to enable their access and success in the learning environment at all school sites. Each school has published an individualized Comprehensive Guide that can be viewed on school websites.
MTSS District Leadership Teams

Welcome to the Ferguson-Florissant MTSS District Leadership Team page. The team’s purpose is to lead and provide oversight during the action planning, implementation, and assessment of the District Action Plan. The objective of the team is to increase capacity in several key areas: 1) Evaluation, performance, feedback, and data based decision making 2) Coaching and technical support, 3) Professional learning, 4) Stakeholder engagement, 5) Resource alignment, funding, and allocation. Members of this team include representation from the following stakeholders: District administrators, school administrators, University of Missouri-Columbia, and Special School District. In our continuous effort to improve our practice, we look forward to your thoughts, questions and feedback on how we can better improve our programming. Feel free to reach out to any team member with questions.
Pyramid of Intervention
School Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS)

Tiers of School Wide PBIS: Continuum of Support
The type and level of behavior support provided for any student must match the intensity of his or her needs. Student responsiveness to academic and behavioral supports must guide instructional and intervention decisions. Schools implementing PBIS school-wide must organize behavior support across multiple tiers which increase in intensity as students’ needs dictate.
Tier 1: Universal
Tier 1 supports are delivered to all students and emphasize teaching prosocial skills and behavior expectations. Schools acknowledge appropriate student behavior across all school settings. Tier 1 PBIS builds a social culture where students expect, prompt, and reinforce appropriate behavior for each other. When implemented with fidelity, Tier 1 PBIS systems and practices meet the needs of 80% or more of all students’ needs.
Tier 2: Targeted
Tier 2 supports focus on students who are not successful with Tier 1 supports alone. Students receiving Tier 2 support require additional teaching and practice opportunities to increase their likelihood of success. Tier 2 supports are often successful when provided within groups. At this level, systems and practices are efficient. This means they are similar across students and can be quickly accessed. Schools monitor fidelity and outcome data regularly to adjust implementation as needed. The typical range of Tier 2 supports include:
- Self-management
- Check-In, Check-Out
- Small group social skill instruction
- Targeted academic supports.
Typically, schools deliver Tier 2 supports to 5-15% of the student body.
Tier 3: Intensive, Individualized
Tier 3 are more intensive and individualized. Schools use more formalized assessments to match interventions to the behavior’s function. They create individualized plans incorporating the student’s academic strengths and deficits, physical and medical status, mental health needs, and family/community support. Support plans emphasize:
- Prevention of problem situations
- Active instruction of new, replacement, and adaptive behaviors
- Formal strategies to acknowledge desired behavior
- Systematic procedures to reduce the likelihood problem behaviors are reinforced
- Safety routines
- Accurate and sustained implementation
- Data collection procedures to measure fidelity and impact
- Coordination of family, agency, and other systems of care.
Tier 3 supports target the 3-5% of students with the highest support needs in the school.
Social Emotional Learning (SEL)
What is Social-Emotional Learning?
Social and emotional learning (SEL) is defined as “the process through which children and adults acquire and effectively apply the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary to understand and manage emotions, set and achieve positive goals, feel and show empathy for others, establish and maintain positive relationships, and make responsible decisions” (CASEL, 2017). SEL can enhance students’ capacity to integrate cognition, affect, and behavior to effectively manage and respond to daily tasks and challenges.
SEL Curriculum
The social-emotional learning curriculum for grades 6-12 approved by the district is 7 Mindsets. The curriculum follows Blooms Taxonomy progression and aligns directly to the development of 10 SEL competencies: CASEL’s 5 plus resilience, growth mindset, empathy, sense of purpose and hope.
The social-emotional learning curriculum for Pre-K through grade 5 approved by the district is Second Step. The curriculum focuses on promoting self-regulation through the development of executive functions and emotion management skills, and social-emotional competence.
What is Ferguson-Florissant’s approach to Social and Emotional Learning?
- A focus on the following competencies: (1) self-awareness, (2) self-management, (3) social awareness, (4) relationship skills, and (5) responsible decision making.
- Skills are reinforced, extended, and applied to age-appropriate situations at each grade level.
- Schools strive to establish classroom and school routines to offer students the opportunity to practice and receive feedback and reinforcement on their use of the skills.
- School leaders act to shape a school culture that will provide a safe place for students to practice skills and where adults model the skills.
- Ferguson-Florissant School District’s SEL program is tied to our work in equity, standards-based instruction, and mentoring.
- All of these areas cover similar concepts and utilize the same skills.
- As part of SEL, students learn to apply the same skills that they have used in everyday circumstances to more complex situations.
Alignment to Ferguson-Florissant's Mission to Serve Students
Student Expectations Code (SEC)
The SEC was revised in 21-22 to support students with SEL reteaching opportunities to better learn the skills that help them succeed in the learning environment
MTSS Tier 1 Systems
We are committed to implementing a high quality core SEL curriculum for all students and maintaining schoolwide systems that ensure students feel safe and connected.
Restorative Practices
Benefits of Social-Emotional Learning
- Student attitude towards learning improved.
- increased motivation and commitment.
- There were behavioral changes in participation and study habits.
- improved grades as well as greater mastery of material.
- Reduces behavior problems
Resources compiled with information from CASEL and Zins, Weissberg, Wang, and Walberg, 2004
Restorative Practices
What are "Restorative Practices"?
Restorative Practices, or RP, is a framework rooted in relationship building and rebuilding, designed to create a culture of equity and belonging that rethinks how we view conflict and results in healing and learning. The Ferguson-Florissant School District embraces Restorative Practices ensuring that all, including those who have been harmed, will have their needs and experiences recognized and acted upon, thus creating a supportive climate of empowerment for all. In some cases, students may be separated from their assigned school building, but never completely separated from their education.
Why We Are Committed to Restorative Practices
Restorative Practices have been shown to have a positive effect on school climate, culture, and academics (including improved student attendance, test scores, and graduation rates), and on outcomes related to discipline policies and practices including reductions in discipline referrals, violent and serious incidents, and punitive and exclusionary discipline responses.*
While these are powerful reasons enough to shift to a restorative approach to education, teachers and students will point to more personal reasons for why it is important. Students report a greater sense of belonging, voice, and empathy while teachers report greater experience of connection with students and satisfaction in their jobs. To learn more about why RP is important, read Understanding the “Why?” of Circles by Annie O’Shaughnessy, M.Ed.
*Adapted from Jon Kidde’s Restorative Justice: A Yardstick for Schools and Restorative Justice in Schools: Outcomes and Indicators


Restorative Practices Resources
Articles
Resources for Building Classroom Community
Staff Support
For help implemententing RP into your classroom, a specific activity, or school, contact:
Dr. Bonita Jamison, Executive Director of Integrated
Email: bjamison@fergflor.org
(314) 824-2060,
Guides
Introducing and Developing Community Building Circles in MS and HS Advisory or Classrooms by Annie O’Shaughnessy. This short document provides a step by step guide and 6 circle scripts for getting started.
The Circle Keeper’s Handbook by Kay Pranis. From a leader in the country on the circle process comes this powerful guide. A great compliment to Annie’s Circle Process Guide.
Tools
Restorative Justice lesson plan from Teaching Tolerance
Circle Process Graphics and Handouts from Living Justice Press
Resources from Oakland Unified School District
Inspiration
Talking Circles: For Restorative Justice and Beyond: A TT awardee discusses how Talking Circles empower her middle school students
Baby Steps towards Restorative Justice, a veteran teacher writes about her journey with restorative practices.
Reflections on the Inner Journey, Kay Pranis writes about the inner work required of us when we commit to being restorative.
Discipline With Dignity: Oakland Classrooms Try Healing Instead of Punishment by Fania Davis
For responses to harm and conflict:
Discipline That Restores, from Fresno Pacific University—a great resource with tools and perspectives.
Other resources:
The International Institute for Restorative Practices (IIRP) Graduate School is the world’s first graduate school wholly devoted to restorative practices. Visit their website here.
Other districts:
Chicago Public Schools Restorative Toolkit. A beautifully designed and comprehensive guide.
Restorative Justice Partnership: Denver and Beyond. This is a new and exciting resource with free webinars on a wide range of topics.
Data Driven Decision-Making

Student Screeners and Surveys
DESSA: The DESSA is a nationally standardized, strength-based behavior rating scale that assesses students’ social and emotional competence with editions that support students K-12. It has been used by districts across the country to support social and emotional learning. It is aligned to CASEL standards. We use the DESSA Mini to identify students who may need support. We use the DESSA Comprehensive Screener to drill down into exactly what would benefit each student who demonstrates a need for additional support. A team of professionals individualize support in a Care Team process. More Information about the DESSA
SECA: The SECA is a research-based, student-facing survey that measures self-reported social and emotional competencies of students in grades 5-12. Students respond to questions that measure their confidence in 8 social-emotional domains. We use the SECA result to identify areas we can address school-wide to help all students gain confidence in certain competencies. We can also support smaller groups of students in Tier 2 interventions. More information about the SECA and SEL screeners
- Self-awareness of strengths and weaknesses
- Self-awareness of emotions
- Self-management of emotions
- Self-management of goals
- Self-management of school work
- Relationship skills
- Social awareness
- Responsible decision-making
Culture and Climate Surveys: The School Climate Surveys are a set of four multidimensional surveys to measure student, teacher, administrator, faculty, and family perceptions of school climate: elementary, middle/high, school personnel, and family. The surveys are brief, reliable, and valid for assessing perceived school climate among students in Grades 3-12. We use climate surveys to determine how members of our FFSD community view the culture and climate of our schools. This information helps us plan for continuous improvement. More information about School Climate Surveys
MTSS Fidelity Evaluation
Tiered Fidelity Index (TFI): School SELT teams take the TFI as a group to measure school implementation across one, two, or all three tiers, all in one survey. The survey helps teams check in on their PBIS efforts, for creating action plans for improvement, and for monitoring implementation progress over time. The TFI includes a school walk-through tool to measure implementation of Tier 1 systems evident in the building. The MTSS District Leadership Team coaches school teams to use TFI results. More information about the TFI
Effective Classroom Practices: Developed through our partnership with the University of Missouri (MU), the Effective Classroom Practices tool allows leaders to measure the use of research-based best practices to ensure student learning and engagement in a positive, safe, and predictable classroom climate. Leaders collect data and give teachers feedback on effective practices that benefit students.
District Systems Fidelity Inventory (DSFI): The purpose of the District Systems Fidelity Inventory (DSFI) is to guide District Leadership Teams in the assessment, development, and execution of action plans that promote the capacity for sustainable, culturally and contextually relevant, and high-fidelity implementation of multi-tiered social, emotional, and behavioral systems of support and practices. The DSFI and process have been designed to serve as a guide for initial action planning, progress monitoring and annual evaluation of fidelity of implementation and impact. More information about the DSFI

Related Documents and Links
Articles
Links
University of Missouri-Columbia Center on Positive Behavior Intervention & Support
Missouri School-wide Positive Behavior Supports

Missouri School-wide Positive Behavior Support
Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions & Supports
Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions & Supports

